Friday, November 4, 2016

Our New Project!

We are working on an exciting new project and would love your support, feedback, and/or advice. Recently, in the Galapagos, we had a really fulfilling experience working with a local school and taking kids sailing on our boat. It has been so enriching that we decided we want to do it again and again. We are trying to raise some funds to turn Tortuga into more of an educational sailing vessel. Follow the link below to check out our Patreon page and let us know what you think.

https://www.patreon.com/svtortuga?utm_campaign=plaunchemail1&utm_medium=email

Max and I gave three presentations at the Thomas de Berlanga School in Puerto Ayora

Local kids in Puerto Ayora learn how to drive Tortuga

Emilio, now in love with sailing, tells me about life in the Galapagos.






Wednesday, November 2, 2016

Sheet to Tiller Self Steering

Introduction
There is no experience like an off-shore passage on a small sailboat.  As land fades into the horizon, you are left as a lonely witness to the ever changing temperament of the ocean surrounding you.  Time slows down and you keep up with enjoyable or necessary activities such as reading, writing, thinking, repairing, navigating, or sailing. That is as long as you don't have to steer.

The Art of Self Steering

Steering is a continuous chore that must be preformed regardless of the weather, the point of sail, or the time of day.  It will bog you down, bore you to tears, and rob you of countless hours of leisure in a beautiful open ocean.  It can be overcome but most methods are expensive and are prone to failure.  A self-steering wind vane is the best option for most cruisers given that they perform well on most points of sail, require no electricity, and are made of robust metal parts.  The downside is they can cost up to $5000, and if a part fails, it may be difficult to repair or replace.  The second option is the electric autopilot.  The downside here is a $600-$2000 price tag, 1-30 amp energy consumption depending on sea conditions, and a high failure rate given that most units are undersized for the boat they are installed on.  The third option is a sheet to tiller system which uses a line directed through a series of blocks to divert the power of the sails and keep the boat on course.  This system uses no electricity, is easy to repair on land or at sea, and costs virtually nothing given that the required parts are standard inventory on most sailboats.  The system requires more time to set up and adjust than the self-steering wind vane or electric autopilot but will result in a better understanding of your boat and the forces that propel her.

Our Westsail 32 sailing herself from Bermuda to Guadeloupe

Required Materials
- 6 blocks attached to swivel snap shackles.  Snap blocks are preferred but standard blocks work also.  Regardless, it's always nice to have extras to help run lines.
- 1  30 ft length of 3/8" low stretch line with a swivel snap shackle attached to one end.  As I explain how the system works, I will refer to this line as the steering sheet.
- 2 cam cleats mounted on either side of the tiller approximately 36 inches from the tiller pivot axis.
- 1 Four foot length of 3/8" O.D. 3/16" I.D. surgical tubing to make the counter balancing bungy. You will have to form this tubing into an "M" shape and create loops at every end and corner with sailing twine.  Permanently attach a swivel snap shackle to the two corners at the top of the "M".  This shackle will be used to attach the bungy to the stern pulpit or toe rail.  Take a 4 ft section of 3/8" line with a swivel snap shackle at the end that can be quickly attached to one, two, or all three loops at the bottom of the "M".  Then end of the line will go to the cam cleat mounted on the tiller while the snap shackle allows for quick adjustment of the pull provided by the surgical tubing.  I will refer to this assembly as the bungy.

Materials Needed for Bungy Assembly

Form Tubing into "M" Shape
Create Loops with Sailing Twine

Loops Located at Ends and Corners at Top and Bottom of "M"

Top of "M" Connected to Snap Shackle
Bottom of "M" Connected to Shackle and Rope Lead

View of all Required Materials

Additional Materials for Wing on Wing Sailing
- Additional 30 ft length of 3/8" low stretch line with swivel snap shackle attached to one end.
- Homemade jig for attaching to genoa sheet.  Jig is made of plywood, one sheave cut in half, and one half of a cam cleat.  See drawings for more details.

Jig for Attaching to Genoa Sheet
Jig for Attaching to Genoa Sheet


The Boat
I have successfully experimented with sheet to tiller self-steering on both a heavy displacement full keel mono-hull as well as a light displacement dagger board trimaran.  I do not believe displacement or keel configuration alone are determining factors on whether or not sheet to tiller will work.  The important thing is that your boat is balanced.  A balanced boat will have slight weathered helm when sailing closed-hauled or on one of the three reaches.  Try letting go of your tiller the next time you are out sailing.  The boat should slowly head up wind.  If the boat heads up quickly try sheeting in the head sail or increasing its size relative to the main sail to create more lee helm.  If the boat falls off try sheeting in the main sail or increasing the size relative to the head sail to create more weathered helm.

Do not be afraid to reef the mainsail or the head sail to achieve a balanced helm.  Most boats are designed for optimal performance in light wind conditions.  You would be surprised how quickly some designs get overpowered as the wind increases.  Another option is to adjust the size/depth of the keel or center board.  As a boat heels weathered helm increases.  Adjusting the keel may increase or decrease this effect if sail adjustments alone aren't cutting it.  As with sailing in general. Self-steering is all about trial and error so do not be afraid to experiment.  If you are unable to balance the helm on your boat, it is unlikely any self-steering system will be successful on your boat.  Once you have achieved a balanced helm, it's time to make the connection between tiller and sail.  There are a variety of ways of doing this and the best choice will depend on the point of sail, configuration of the sails, and personal preference. I will discuss three basic methods of rigging a sheet to tiller system including setup, theory, and practice of each method.


Mainsail Sheet to Tiller

Setup
The simplest method in terms of setup is the main-sheet to tiller system.  Run a line from windward side of the stern pulpit or toe rail to a block on the boom and back to the windward side directly opposite the cam cleats on the tiller.  The line is then run over the tiller and engaged within one of the cam cleats for easy adjustment.   Directly opposite on the leeward toe rail connect the bungy with the rope lead run over the tiller and engaged with the other cam cleat. This system works best on close hauled or close reach points of sail.

Main-sheet to Tiller Setup

Theory
The main-sheet to tiller system works under the principle that increased pressure on the sails causes the boat to heel, which in turn causes more weathered helm.  Increased pressure on the sails can result from slight variations in the course as the boat moves through the optimal angle to the wind given its current sail trim.  Additional causes include variations in wind speed, a.k.a. puffs and lulls.  Regardless of the cause, as the pressure on main increases the boom will move to leeward resulting in the tiller being pulled to windward via the steering sheet.  The boat will then fall off away from the optimal angle to the wind and the pressure on the main will decrease.  The bungy should be set to pull the tiller back to center or slightly to leeward as the boat falls off.  This will result in the boat's natural weathered helm slowly bringing the boat up again until the cycle starts over.  The boat will effectively sail a slight "S" pattern thru the water as the balancing act between weathered helm, sail pressure, and the surgical tubing plays out.  Adjustments may need to be made to achieve this balance.

Slight "S" Pattern Course being Sailed

Practice
To engage the system begin by sailing the desired course and trimming the sails accordingly.  Then engage the bungy to pull the tiller to center or slightly to leeward as mentioned in the theory section.  Engage the tiller sheet to mimic the pressure you are applying to keep the boat on course.  Let go of the tiller and watch what happens.  Use a landmark or the compass heading as a reference as you watch the boat sail the "S" pattern.  Make small adjustments in the tiller sheet and bungy to keep the boat on the desired course.  Tweaking the sail trim also serves as a means of fine tuning the system.  Slowly easing the main sheet while leaving the tiller sheet fixed allows for small adjustments on the tiller sheet tension.  Additionally, adjusting the head sails will also affect the balance of forces keeping the boat on course. The precise effect of sail adjustments on the performance of the system depends on the boat.  It may be necessary to experiment with different adjustment approaches.



Stay-sail Sheet to Tiller System

Setup
Run a line from the mast step to a block on the stay-sail clew and then through a series of blocks acting as fair leads along the leeward toe rail back to the cockpit.  Lead the line across to the windward side directly opposite the cam cleats mounted on the tiller.  The bungy should be mounted on the leeward side of the tiller as before.  This system works best when sailing on a beam or broad reach but may also work when sailing up wind.

Stay-sail to Tiller Setup Forward 
Stay-sail to Tiller Setup Forward as seen from Cockpit
Stay-sail to Tiller Setup Aft

Theory

The stay-sail sheet to tiller system works under the concept that as the boat falls off the head sail gets blanketed by the main sail and looses pressure.  When the stay-sail is full, pressure on the steering sheet will pull the tiller to windward and cause the boat to fall off.  As the mainsail begins to blanket the stay-sail, the bungy will pull the tiller to leeward and cause the boat to head up.  This will keep the boat sailing an "S" pattern in the desired direction.  The stay-sail sheet to tiller system may also work when sailing up wind, however, the governing forces will resemble those discussed in the main-sheet to tiller system.

Practice
Manually sail the desired course with the appropriate sail trim. Engage the steering sheet to mimic the pressure required to keep the boat on course.  Observe the course and make small adjustments in the steering sheet and bungy.  If the boat is unable to stay within an acceptable course range, sail adjustments may be necessary.  First try adjusting the stay-sail sheet as a means of delivering more or less play on the tiller.  If that doesn't work, try adjusting the main-sheet.  I have noticed that when sailing on a broad reach, very small adjustments in tiller sheet tension or sail trim will suddenly make the difference.  My advice is to keep experimenting and studying the boat's reaction.


Wing-on-wing Sheet to Tiller System

Setup
Run a line from the stay-sail to the tiller as mentioned in the setup portion of the previous section.  Run a second line from the poled-out genoa sheet through fair leads along the windward side of the boat back to the cockpit and then across to the leeward side of the tiller.  Connecting the second line to the genoa sheet offers its own set of challenges.  See means and methods of doing this in the required materials section.  You should be left with two steering sheets that are pulling the tiller in opposite directions.

Wing on Wing Self Steering Setup Aft

Wing on Wing Self Steering Setup Forward

Wing on Wing Self Steering Steering Sheet to Genoa Sheet Connection

Theory

When sailing wing on wing with two head sails, one of the head sails will always have more or less pressure on it than the other sail depending on slight course variations or passing waves.  I used to tell my sailing students when sailing wing on wing, always point the tiller to the collapsing sail to keep the boat on course, which is what the sails will do if properly rigged.  When the boat heads up and the poled-out genoa begins to collapse and pressure on the stay-sail will increase.  This will pull the tiller to windward and cause the boat to fall off again.  If the boat falls of so far that the stay-sail collapses, pressure on the genoa will have increased, which will pull the tiller to leeward and cause the boat to head up.

Practice
The setup is the most difficult part of this self-steering system.  Once you have achieved that, it's simply a matter of sailing dead down wind, letting the sails out to catch as much wind as possible, and tensioning the two steering sheets.  Small adjustments in the sail trim or steering sheets may be necessary as before.  It may also be necessary to roll up a portion of the genoa in order to achieve the appropriate balance between the larger genoa and the smaller head sail.



Sources
https://www.blueanarchy.org/selfsteering/
http://www.jsward.com/steering/

Wednesday, October 26, 2016

Maria has the Kerosene

*This is a two-part entry. Because we are who we are, the first is a narrative account by Laura, and the second is informational, and by Max.

One of my favorite things to see while traveling is a couple of gringos in a bad mood. In Santa Marta, while trying to mail a letter, I saw two gringo backpackers in a particularly bad mood. In the post-apocalyptic Mad Max sun of Colombia during August, these two were heavily laden with packs and hurricane relief amounts of water. The quantity of stuffed compartments and pockets in their packs suggested that even their backpacks brought backpacks. They had just stepped out of a cab and were standing in the middle of the street slowly turning this way and that, mouths agape, hair sweat plastered to flushed cheeks. I laughed aloud at them, really taking pleasure in their sour expressions. I pointed them out to the salesclerk and we laughed together. I wasn't really laughing at them as much as at the idea. This is the reality of that romantic moment when one turned to the other, deeply in love, and said Let's quit our jobs and backpack through South America. I found pleasure in the fact that this couple's dreams of hostel hopping and salsa dancing turned into a grueling experience in schlepping. I also appreciate the irony that I am often that same type of gringo, dreams of an iced Americano barely disguised behind my own flushed and sweaty face. Max and I are out here for a year, and sailing is constant work, so I often excuse myself for my moodiness and "first world" daydreams. However, our recent experience on the Pacific coast of Colombia really pushed the limits of my endurance.

We arrived in Bahia Solano, a small village 70 miles down Colombia's Pacific Coast, and dropped anchor in a dark bay at 4:30 a.m. Navigating in took much longer than expected, and due to our lack of specific information about this area, felt deeply mysterious. It was dark, we were flanked by jungle shores on either side, and a fine rain persisted. It was the type of rain that seemed to whisper of its own endurance. Max and I went on watch at 11:30 pm thinking we would be arriving shortly. The bay was intimidating, visibility poor and we motored slowly. At 4:30 a.m. we felt we were close enough to think about anchoring. There is a considerable tidal range on the Pacific coast, 12ft more or less, and we couldn't see the shore. We watched the depth finder go from the hundreds down and up and down until we saw 20 feet and a strange line in the water not too far off. We couldn't make out this line but sensed we didn't want to get closer. We dropped our new Rocnar anchor and it held. At 5:00 a.m. we went to sleep.




A few hours later we woke up. I was immediately in a bad mood. I didn't even want to go above deck to see what I was sure was going to be a bleak, hot, rainy coast. Max's far too awake and smiling face only intensified my feelings. Why couldn't he feel annoyed too? Or even a little tired? Why do I always have to be the one in a bitchy mood? When I went above deck the little town only looked slightly less mysterious than it had in the dark. We were the only sailboat anchored in a vast bay. The strange line in the water was clearly the shore of a quarter mile long mud shoal revealed by low tide. Across this muddy expanse, where tall white egrets stood frozen hunting and town dogs were running full out after gulls, was a sort of town. A splattering of buildings, some facing the water, others not, some active, others cement shells.To the right of town, at the end of a mud road was a loading dock where men were emptying the contents of a rusty barge into smaller trucks. A few buildings teetered on stilts with long cement staircases that disappeared into the water. One was a military post, one seemed to be a bar for the fishermen whose long, narrow boats were anchored close by. Boys in underwear were jumping into the muddy water, camouflaged army men were busy as ants, and three wheeled cabs labored along the muddy road back and forth from town. Everything else, as far as we could see, as high as we could see, and in the visible distance was dark, impenetrable jungle. The atmosphere was a thick mist of rain that seemed to begin at the tip of my nose. "This place is spooky," Max's sister said, and I couldn't help but agree. Snipets of things I had read and heard about this coast floated through my thoughts. The FARC are active there. There aren't any roads out because of the rain. Buenaventura, a large city to the south, is were all the coke leaves Colombia. Don't go there. Don't go anywhere on that coast. There is nothing but FARC, cocaine, and jungle. That was what was told to us again and again. But what could we do? We had to stop after the Panama Canal, and before the Galapagos. We needed supplies and to swap out crew. We needed fresh water and a fumigation certificate to get into the Galapagos. I looked into the distance trying to discern what would be possible here and my heart sank. Just then Max popped his head up through the companionway with a huge smile and declared, "This is the perfect place to clean the bottom of the boat!" I looked at the opaque water, the mud flats dotted with trash, thought of the algae growth on the bottom of the hull, and looked back at his beaming face. If I had a whack-a-mole mallet, I would've whacked him right back into the boat.

Sleepy and grumpy, I piled into the dingy with a much more jubilant crew. It was a wet, wet world and we set off to explore Bahia Solano, beginning with the loading docks. We ended up in one of the three-wheeled transportation devices for lack of a more accurate term, and made our rickety way into town. That was pretty cool. I sat in the front with the driver and my only comment was, "Hay mucha lluvia aqui, no?"

"Si," he replied, "Todos las dias." Oh good I thought. That should make things fun.

Our little taxi delivered us to a plain, one story brown house with a front door and two windows. "Immigration," our cabby said, "Ocho mil." I gasped at the cost of the cab ride. That was almost 2 American dollars. Were we getting a gringo price? We knocked on the front door and a woman in her pajamas answered. We inquired and she shut the door. When it opened again, a man in uniform welcomed us into a front room. On a white tiled floor, ten black plastic chairs were in a row next to a giant Colombian flag hanging from a pole. There were a few desks, posters on the wall that offered tobacco free air next to images of x'd out hand guns. Max communicated the ever stranger saga of how we four came to be there to the man who entered things into some abyss of computer program. The poster calendar on the wall read 2013.




Once released, we decided to escape the rain by ducking into a restaurant for an almuerzo. In Colombia, almuerzo begins with a thick soup long-simmered with bones and root vegetables, and then, once you are full and your body temp is up, a plate of beans, rice, salad and meat is served. A cup of ice cold, extremely sweet sugar cane juice with lemon arrives. At the end you are Thanksgiving full and a few bucks poorer. Max and I love almuerzo. We love to pretend each is different and rave about it. I got a piece of meat in my soup! This tea, or whatever, is amazing! Why did I ever think I didn't want to eat thick, hot soup at noon when it was 100 degrees? At the end, Max loves most asking what the bill will be and then calculating the USD equivalent. That's only 8 bucks! Price is the best spice, I remind him.




After almuerzo, which was excellent for morale, we split up and Max and I went in search of kerosene. Bahia Solano is small. Just a handful of muddy streets. Too few to name, I think. There are many small restaurants and stores selling housewares such as plastic bowls, plastic containers, pots of all sizes, camping stoves that run on gasoline, and clothing wrapped individually in plastic. All stores and shops are open to the street with awnings for the rain. Everyone we asked about kerosene had an answer- either it was definitely available or definitely not available. Whenever it was suggested to us that it was not available, Max told people that it surely had to be because kerosene is the same thing as jet fuel and there was an airport nearby. This information really confuses people. They begin by simply processing the facts, and then they have to wonder how one obtains jet fuel. I like to imagine us walking down the local tarmac in our tattered clothing, 5 gallon fuel containers in hand, and knocking on the side of a jet to ask if we could just siphon off a bit before take off. We would explain to them how our cute little stove works, tell them the adorable story of our sailing life, and seeing the good in us, they would surely delay the 1pm to Medellin to help us out.

Where we ended up I could not have imagined. At the end of the main drag in Bahia Solano is a sort of fuel shack by the shores of a trash strewn river populated by turkey vultures, egrets, and half naked little boys. A fuel shack is like a gas station except that all the fuel is kept in make-shift containers, and the serviceman, though high as a kite, knows everything about the different fuels offered. We had a great time there. He demonstrated each fuel in turn by pumping, pouring, or ladling it into an iced tea pitcher. We analyzed color and clarity, and when he suggested we take a sniff, we swirled the pitcher and inhaled deeply. We put our fingertips in and rubbing them together discussed dryness and viscosity. In the end we were even more confused. What was kerosene anyway? How was it different than diesel? I had all these new questions, and we had no kerosene. As we walked away, Max told the man not to worry. We would find kerosene because it is the same as jet fuel and there was an airport nearby.

Our next hint about kerosene was from the Port Captain who told us that a woman named Maria sells kerosene out of her living room window which is next to the supermarket. This I couldn't believe. After a full investigation of the town, after all the talk of men and planes and gasoline powered cooking stoves. That in the end, Maria had it all in her living room. We found Maria inside a square pink window with white shutters. She came out from behind a curtain and we asked about the kerosene. She nodded towards a milk crate filled with topless glass bottles. We explained our situation and she gave us two water bottles full to try out. Maria found us as amusing as we found her and we all giggled through the transaction. Maybe it was the fumes. When the fuel worked, Max returned to Maria with a 5 gallon container. She had never been asked for that much before and decided she would enlist the help of a siphon. And so, seventy year old Maria, in her living room full of crucifixes, wearing her thin pink pajamas with lace trim, sucked on a hose, and was surprised by a mouthful of kerosene that she spat out on the living room floor.  Max cringed at the sight, being all too familiar with the experience. A week later, when we were on our way out of town, we returned to Maria to buy ice. She informed us that we had over paid for the kerosene and gave us 10,000 pesos.

After Maria, we met back up with Anna and Pauli, and to escape the down pouring rain, we slipped into a pool hall. There are pool halls everywhere in Bahia Solano. You can rent a table for an hour and the cost of a beer also works out to around 1 USD. In this pool hall the walls were covered with posters of naked women doing odd things and one picture of Pope Benedict, hung slightly higher. In one poster a woman with a very exaggerated body seems to be lost in the jungle. She could find her way out if only she could locate her Stihl weed whacker which is hiding in a bush behind her. Another woman, an oily blonde, has an anaconda wrapped around her. Its tail is curling up her butt crack and she is holding its head close to her mouth like a, well, microphone. In another bleached out poster, Pamela Anderson is clinging to an iron gate that floats mid-air with her feet up wearing only boots. I tuned to Pauli, "Look at the pope smirking. It's as if he approves of all this." And indeed, he was smiling, hung above the shelf that displayed what was for sale: light and dark rum, and a can of Club Colombia hung with rosary beads. We passed many hours there, drinking beer and playing pool in celebration of Anna's birthday. The locals bought us rounds and were smitten by our foul weather gear, asking where they could get some to deal with the local weather.




The day I decided I loved Bahia Solano I was walking back from town with two bags of groceries. It was really pouring and I was walking through inches of mud. A man on a motorcycle slowed down and offered me a ride. As we sped through the mud I told him I lived in the sailboat and pointed to where Tortuga was anchored. He said, "Everyone knows that," and dropped me off at the loading dock. Max was on the boat with the dingy and I was trying to hail him to get picked up. He didn't see me for a while and I started chatting with a kind old man who ended up offering to take me to Max with his boat. While on the dock he had told me that he lived in Miami for 10 years. In the boat I asked, "What did you do when you lived in Miami?"

"Sold cocaine," he replied succinctly.

 "Oh, I said. That's nice. I'm a school teacher."

In Bahia Solano the people are kind and happy amidst the rain and the limited availability of everything. They have a few restaurants, two supermarkets, plenty of Colombian beer, and an excellent fuel shack. The only road in and out gets washed away half the year. There isn't a lot of opportunity, and if you want wifi you have to sit outside the shop were boys work at tables surrounded by disassembled cell phones. They won't accept money, will send the little boy to enter the password into your computer, and will always bring you a chair.

The men at the loading docks drive long and narrow boats with two 200hp 2-stroke outboards on the back. They need these engines because cocaine smugglers throw their goods overboard at the sound of military planes, and the men from Bahia can zoom out to make the recovery.  Some make a living this way. They are also happy to move tourists around, go fishing, or give you a free ride. (I timed one of these rides from the dock to our boat. One Mississippi) By the time we left I could no longer judge these people. I come from a community where we discuss our careers in terms of publications, self-fulfillment, and weigh our options of time abroad versus commitment back home. In Bahia Solano, a career is selling kerosene out of your living room or carving whales into wooden paddles. Depending on the time of year, it could also be transporting tourists or fishing enormous Tuna. A whatever works sort of economy.

For us, we could get everything we needed there, whether that means a fumigation certificate for the Galapagos, a hull cleaning certificate, kerosene from Maria, or enough provisions to make it to our next port. After ten days there we had many friends. The boat was wet through and through, mold grew on all surfaces, and the idea of staying dry no longer preoccupied my thinking. When we sailed away from that coast, leaving the rain clouds caught up in the mountain peaks, the boat dried out a little, started to look clean, and it felt incredible. However, something remains in me from Bahia Solano. When I find a wet spot from a leak, or the food I just cooked slides onto the floor, when I fall off the toilet and the toilet seat comes off and hits me, I just don't mind as much. Like the people in Bahia Solano, I just laugh.  Life is hilarious, especially when you're wet and miserable. I am sure the grumpy gringo in me will resurface, but for now I am a little dirty and wet, and couldn't be happier.

Captain's Log: Getting  Galapagos Entry Documents in Bahia Solano
by Max

We spent a little over a week on Colombia's Pacific coast.  An area know for its isolation, eco tourism, and cocain.  If you google for information about cruising this area you will be lucky if the name of the town you plan to visit even shows up.  Cruisers rarely come here and the best resource we were able to find was a free electronic cruising guide called Pacific Guide to Colombia by Eric Baicy and Sherrell Watson.

Regardless of its reputation, we needed Colombia to be the launching point of our Pacific passagemaking for several reasons.  Panama is too expensive and we had no visas or cruising permit that would allow us to stay there for more than 24 hours after our canal transit.  Additionally, heading south to Equador or north to Costa Rica would only extend our already ambitious float plan for the next 2.5 months.  That being the case, when we arrived in Bahia Solano Laura and I meant business and if there is one thing Colombians understand, it's business.  What I love about Colombians is their practicality.  No is an unusual word there.  They will do thier best to make things happen for you, and they will do so at a fairly inexpensive, previosly discussed price.  They are generally fair, friendly, and happy people and you will find yourself getting accustomed to trusting strangers you meet along your way.

We needed goods, services, and documents from the small town of Bahia Solano and they provided us with all three.  The trickiest items were the services and docments required by the authorities in the Galapagos for visitng yachts.  They require a professional fumigation and hull cleaning of the vessel and the certificates to prove it.  I imidiately mentioned the fumigation to the Colombia Coast Guard upon checking in.  They assured me such services must only be available in Buenaventura (150 miles to the south) because they had never heard of such a thing on a boat.  When I asked who provided extermination services for the local houses, they confessed that the local director of sanitation might be able to help.  I mentioned this to our agent, Juan David Tapias Rivera (phone number (57)3124667987 email transbahialtda@yahoo.com.mx) and by the next evening our boat was fumigated. The signed certificate was delivered to our boat a few days later.

The hull cleaning proved to be more difficult, which I hadn't anticipated.  Our savior came in the form of a Colombian named Rambo who cruises around in a small boat with an oversized Colombian flag mounted at the bow.  Rambo is packed with energy for a man about to turn 60.  He does a little bit of everything including breeding dogs, delivering people and goods in his boat, providing rooms for backpackers at his house on a secluded beach, delivering deisel, and apparently hull cleaning.  Everyone in town knows him and you get the feeling everyone that knows him owes him a couple of favors. When I told him I needed a professional hull cleaning and the paperwork to prove it, he imediated offered to do it for 60 USD.  It took him a few days, given how busy he is, but he eventualy dove the boat using his own diving equipment and gave me a ride to a fiberglass boat building factory to have a fake reciept and description of services writen up.  The man writting the reciept was even kind enough to list the cost of services as 250 USD instead of 60 USD to make it seem more legitimate.  I was so greatful to be spared a trip to Buenaventura, I paided Rambo and extra 15 USD. Currently we are in the Galapagos and just passed our hull inspection, without which we would've been asked to leave. The diver even came up and said our boat was very clean.

In the end Bahia Solano and its residents were able to provide us with the following documentation at the following costs, which were all required for our arrival in Colombia and trip to the Galapagos.

Fumigation Certificate: 60 USD
Hull Cleaning Reciept: 60 USD
Agent Fee: 45 USD
Check in at Port of Entry in Colombia: 0 USD
Exit Zarpe Lisiting Galapagos as Transient Port: 0 USD


















Thursday, October 6, 2016

Rigging Issues

The 30 knot winds and 12 foot seas we encountered off the Guajira Peninsula were a bit of a wake-up call in terms of the regular abuse we expect Tortuga to endure on our behalf. Upon arrival in Santa Marta I was intent on giving Tortuga a careful rig inspection after our first two months of voyaging. I wasn't expecting to find anything but I figured that a periodic look-over is just part of being a responsible off-shore sailor. We had barely tied off to the dock when I had already found the first issue. Crevice corrosion had invaded the tangs where our back stays attach.

Stern Pulpit and Back Stay Attachment
Close Up of Tangs Notice Crevice Corrosion
Bottom Left and Top Right 
 Crevice corrosion takes the form of small hairline cracks within the metal. These cracks trap moisture, salt and dirt promoting more corrosion which grows the crack further. Before you know it, the strong shinny attachment point holding your mast up is as brittle as glass ready to burst into a million pieces. The inspection just jumped up a few rows on the priority list and we hadn't even had our first drink in Colombia yet. By the next morning I had found two other issues. The lower toggle assembly of our roller furler was beginning to bend threatening to release the pin holding it in place, and there was more crevice corrosion at the swagged running back stay fittings half way up the mast.
Roller Furler Lower Toggle Assembly



Crevice Corrosion at Running Back Stay Fitting
Not sure how I missed that prior to leaving NY.

 I was happy I found the issues, worried about how to address them, and relieved I didn't know about them during our last passage. The next day was spend conference calling with friends, family, and professionals within the industry. My father was supposed to meet us in Panama a month later, so I was focused on figuring out what parts I needed, ordering them, and getting them to my father as soon as possible. Now a month and a half later, all the issues have been addressed, although it was my sister Anna who ended up delivering the critical parts.  Here are the individual stories for each issue.

Back stay Tang Solution
Get two additional tangs cut out of 1/4" stainless steel. Thru-bolt the new tangs over the old welded tangs with 3/8" bolts. The U-bracket at the end of the back-stays are wide enough to accommodate the 1/4" of material. Bud Taplin from Westsail helped come up with the fix. He built the stern pulpit assembly including the tangs 7 years ago. We discussed removing and re-welding new tangs but he advised that heat from welding metal previously exposed to salt water would only promote new corrosion. I completed the fix in Shelter Bay Marina the morning prior to our canal transit. I drilled two 3/8" holes thru almost a full half inch of stainless steel using a 14 volt cordless drill. I dulled 5 brand new drill bits and my hands were numb for the rest of the day.




Furler Lower Toggle Assembly Solution
I contacted Bam Miller, a Harken dealer based out of Oyster Bay. He was very helpful and proved more knowledgeable then the technical staff from Harken. He quoted me the required part at $315, which hurt but it came with a detailed email on how to install it correctly as well as how to avoid the issue in the future. See a copy of the email he sent within this blog post if you interested in the details. I performed the fix at anchor in Las Perlas. I started by loosening the back stays and rigging a temporary for-stay on a calm windless morning. I removed the clevis pin at the base of the roller furler, tied the furler loosely to the stay sail for-stay to prevent the furler track from kinking, and got to work unscrewing the toggle assembly. The operation went smooth enough although by now the wind had piped up and it was time to re-installed the clevis pin that connects furler to bowsprit. Doing this has given me trouble back in Kingston with a crane, my father, and the marina staff at my disposal. I was really nervous that Laura and I along with a nice head wind would not be able to pull it off. Laura must have been feeling strong that morning because one tug of hers in unison with the anticipated wave action and the clevis pin slipped right into place. Mission accomplished and we hadn't even eaten breakfast yet.

Furler Removed and Secured to Stay Sail For-stay


Old vs New Part

New Part Installed
Email from Bam Describing Installation

Running Back Stay Fittings Solution
I hoisted myself up the mast at anchor in Las Perlas. I removed the running back stays and tossed the ends into the ocean on either side of the boat. This gave Laura a scare as she thought I had fallen from the mast while she was cleaning the galley. I assured her everything was ok as I lowered myself down. Luckily I have everything I need to swage stainless cable on board although I was missing the swages and thimbles I needed for 1/4" cable, which Anna had brought. I pulled out the bolt cutters and the corroded ends came flying off with a pop. I then went to work removing the insulation covering the cable the same way a boy scout sharpens the end of a wooden spear. This was pretty difficult given that the insulation was old and brittle but eventually I got it all off. I slipped on the swage fitting and inserted the thimble within the resulting noose. I then crimped each swage three times using one of those cheap yet effective thru-bolt swaging tools. They came out pretty good and all that was left to do was go back up the mast and reattach them.